When can everyone in the US get a Covid-19 vaccine? We still don’t know.

https://apple.news/Ac_aiN_GJSBiylhn52Q898Q

_________________
Hаше от нас не уйдет. Tо, что ушло-было не наше.

The Differences Between Covid Vaccines by Johnson & Johnson, Moderna, Pfizer, Astrazeneca

https://www.newsweek.com/differences-covid-vaccines-johnson-pfizer-moderna-astrazeneca-1565444?amp=1&fbclid=IwAR3z-SX9iDo7n8efEiRdsB_0LFrzp8JLwIBcLkar5fTrvskF5ghA7flRNgM

_________________
Hаше от нас не уйдет. Tо, что ушло-было не наше.

Со ссылки манонины: о всех существующих типах вакцин-

Johnson & Johnson
The Johnson & Johnson vaccine only requires one shot, which the company has said it will provide on a "non-profit" basis for the duration of the pandemic—costing around $10 a dose.

While an ongoing Phase III clinical trial assessing the vaccine has yet to be completed, the company has announced that the vaccine was 66 percent effective overall in preventing moderate to severe COVID-19, 28 days after vaccination, according to an interim analysis.


Notably, there were differences in efficacy results depending on the location. For example, the efficacy was 72 percent among trial volunteers in the U.S., but 66 percent in Latin America and 57 percent in South Africa—where a new more infectious variant has taken hold—at 28 days after vaccination.

But the vaccine candidate was 85 percent effective in preventing severe disease across all the regions that were studied.

The vaccine is based on a modified adenovirus—a common virus that causes cold-like symptoms—that has been engineered to carry pieces of genetic material from the "spike protein" of SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19.

The company said it expects to apply to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) next week for emergency use authorization, with Mathai Mammen, the company's global head of research and development, telling CNN that this could come by late February—although March or April is also possible.


The vaccine can remain stable for two years at -4 degrees Fahrenheit, and at least three months at 35-46 degrees Fahrenheit—about the same as a home refrigerator—according to the company.

Pfizer-BioNTech

The Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine requires two doses, which should be administered 21 days apart.

The vaccine was authorized for emergency use by the FDA on December 11, 2020—becoming the first COVID-19 shot to receive regulatory approval in the U.S.

The vaccine, which is based on mRNA technology, has an efficacy of 95 percent. It contains tiny fragments of genetic code from the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which are injected into the body, enabling the immune system to build up defenses against the disease.

The U.S. is paying $19.50 per dose for the first 100 million doses of the vaccine, which must be stored at a temperature of -94 degrees Fahrenheit.

Moderna
The Moderna COVID-19 vaccine also requires two doses, which should be administered 28 days apart.

Like the Pfizer-BioNTech shot, the vaccine is based on mRNA technology. Clinical trials have shown it be around 95 percent effective.

The FDA authorized the vaccine for emergency use on December 18, 2020—making it the second vaccine to receive regulatory approval in the U.S.

Moderna is charging governments $25-$37 per dose for the vaccine, which is stable at 36 to 46 degrees Fahrenheit for up to 30 days, and can be stored for six months at -4 degrees Fahrenheit.

AstraZeneca-University of Oxford
The vaccine developed by AstraZeneca-University of Oxford has been shown to have an overall efficacy of around 70 percent in large-scale clinical trials.

The vaccine was authorized for emergency use in the U.K. in December, and on Friday the European Medicines Agency approved the shot for use across the 27 member states of the European Union. It likely won't receive approval in the U.S. until spring.

The vaccine, which is based on similar modified adenovirus technology to the Johnson & Johnson candidate, requires two doses administered 28 days apart.

_________________
All we need is love

Coronavirus mutations add urgency to vaccination effort as experts warn of long battle ahead

..potentially vaccine-evading variants threatens to extend the global health disaster and make 2021 feel too much like 2020. A complicated mix of good news and bad news makes any forecast for the coming months fuzzy, but scientists have one clear and sobering message: The pandemic is a long way from over.

... Research findings published in recent days have shown that vaccines will still likely work against mutated variants of the coronavirus. But they may not work as well, as the slippery virus continues to adapt to its new host, the human species.

... We’re very worried,” said Francis Collins, director of the National Institutes of Health. “All it’s going to take is a couple more mutations on top of that, and you’re really going to have to start worrying.”
There is also the issue of reinfection. Collins said Friday that he is troubled by information from the biotech company Novavax, maker of a vaccine that proved effective in clinical trials, that the new variant circulating in South Africa showed signs of eluding natural immunity among volunteers who had previously survived an infection with the more common coronavirus strain..

“ That is something I had not seen before,” Collins said of the reinfection claim. “It is very tentative, and the numbers are not huge, but I would be alarmed if natural infection . . . is not sufficient to provide immunity.”

... three of the most-scrutinized “variants of concern” — first identified in the United Kingdom, South Africa and Brazil — have arrived in the United States ..


The coronavirus mutations have complicated and likely extended the timeline for crushing the pandemic. A truism among epidemiologists is that herd immunity from a more transmissible virus requires a higher percentage of immunized people. Early in the pandemic, scientists estimated that around 70 percent of people would need to be vaccinated or have developed natural immunity to reach the threshold at which the virus would not freely circulate. That number now seems too low.
If a more transmissible strain becomes dominant, “that level of coverage needed for herd immunity would become higher, in the 80 to 85 percent range,” ,,,

The latest bulletins about variants and the Novavax results in South Africa “really does make the prospect of herd immunity, at least before next winter, much less likely,” said Christopher Murray, director of the University of Washington’s Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation.
The worrisome comments from experts come despite several positive developments on the vaccine front. Johnson & Johnson reported Friday that its one-dose vaccine was 66 percent effective in a large clinical trial in preventing moderate and severe disease. That vaccine is relatively easy to handle and, if authorized in coming weeks, will be another weapon to fight the pandemic.

But the good results come with asterisks. The J&J; vaccine did not appear to prevent disease quite as well in South Africa and Latin America — places where problematic variants are spreading.

... That said, many scientists are convinced that the variants are more transmissible. They contain mutations that appear to enhance the virus’s ability to bind to human receptor cells. One mutation, called E484K, which emerged independently in the variants seen in South Africa and Brazil, has shown signs of eluding antibodies produced either through the natural immune system or therapeutic drugs....:(

Some scientists expect the punch of the virus will grow weaker over time. That has happened with other viruses, including the influenza virus that killed millions worldwide in 1918.
“We will not be for decades dealing with a pandemic,” said epidemiologist Marc Lipsitch, of the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. “The concern is whether it will be a year or three years until we can make enough vaccines against enough strains to get this under control.”
Paul Offit, a virologist and pediatrician at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, said when he first saw the news about the efficacy of the Johnson & Johnson vaccine against the South African variant, it appeared “grim.” But as he dug into the data, he saw that it was much more effective at preventing severe disease.
“If you can keep people out of the hospitals and out of morgues, that is of tremendous value,” he said.

No vaccine is 100 percent effective, and even the flu vaccines are often just 50 to 60 percent effective, he noted, which is good enough to save countless lives.
The big question is whether SARS-CoV2 will mutate more like measles, also a single strand RNA virus, which has not drifted very far from when the first vaccine was introduced in 1963. Or will it be more like flu, another single-strand RNA virus, which changes so much that the vaccine has to be updated every year.
The mRNA vaccines in general, he said, are relatively easily reconstructed to battle new variants. The holdup is more likely to be the manufacturing and distribution of the retooled vaccines, Offit said

The greater the unvaccinated pool, the greater the playing field for the virus to replicate and mutate, Anthony S. Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, said at a briefing Friday. “If you stop . . . the replication, viruses cannot mutate,” he said, adding that this is the reason “to vaccinate as many people as possible, as quickly as possible.”
The urgency of vaccination applies to everyone on the planet, disease experts point out. A mutation in any location will likely spread everywhere ..

_________________
Hаше от нас не уйдет. Tо, что ушло-было не наше.

Infectious-disease experts warn that this is not a time to let down our guard.
“We have to understand we are going to live with this virus. That’s the new normal,” said Karin Michels, an epidemiologist at the University of California at Los Angeles. “I’m never going to sit on a plane for the next few years without being concerned.”
She said she remains optimistic that the pandemic will be under greater control by late summer or fall if vaccinations continue increasing and community spread of the virus is drastically reduced.
Collins, the NIH director, said he sees best-case and worst-case scenarios.
Best case, he said, is that “people roll up their sleeves as quickly as possible to get to that 80 to 85 percent [vaccination rate] and no other strains emerge that are more resistant.”
The worst case is that if people “continue to be irresponsible,” more transmissible variants will rip across the country and potentially escape vaccines, treatments and naturally acquired immunity.

And then, he said, “we’d have to redesign a completely new vaccine all over again.”

https://apple.news/A2IJXxTlLRxWqpuDQSS2bzQ

_________________
Hаше от нас не уйдет. Tо, что ушло-было не наше.

Novavax’s COVID-19 vaccine shown to be nearly 90% effective in UK clinical trial, provided a range of immunity against new variantsm

The 89.3% efficacy rate in the U.K. is a blended result of efficacy against the original and the U.K. strain (B.1.1.7). The vaccine was 96% efficacious against the Wuhan strain and 86% efficacious against the U.K. strain, Erck told Yahoo Finance in an interview Fridahy

Против южноафриканской мутации , которую в США уже нашли в двух штатах у людей, которые никуда не путешествовали, - эффективна только на 50 процентов, но исследования пока ещё в стадии III

https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/health/2021/01/28/novavaxs-covid-19-vaccine-shown-nearly-90-effective-uk-clinical-trial-also-provided-immunity-against/4294584001/

_________________
Hаше от нас не уйдет. Tо, что ушло-было не наше.

Why You Should Double-Mask To Prevent COVID-19 (And How To Do It)

Wearing two face masks during the pandemic may be a super-effective way to protect yourself against new coronavirus variants.

As more contagious coronavirus variants emerge, health experts, including Dr. Anthony Fauci, say it’s probably a good idea to start doubling up on your face masks. 
The new variants are thought to have an easier time binding to our cells, so the more layers we have covering our noses and mouths, the less likely we’ll be exposed to viral particles that can infect our cells and make us sick. Two masks may help create a stronger shield between you and the virus (or, at the very least, they couldn’t hurt). 

Pick two masks that have enough layers and air filtration.
“The more layers, the more barriers you can put between yourself and the virus, the better off you’re going to be,” said Thomas Duszynski, the director of epidemiology education at Indiana University’s

N95 face masks are the gold standard in terms of protection. If you can get ahold of an N95 and double it up with a surgical mask, you’re going to have an efficient shield against viral particles.
But N95 masks continue to be in limited supply, so they’ll be difficult to score for the time being. The issue then is how to spice up your cloth or surgical face masks, said Onyema Ogbuagu, a Yale Medicine infectious disease doctor and principal investigator of Yale’s Pfizer COVID-19 trial.
The two properties of a mask you want to look for are the filtering capacity and the breathability, according to Ogbuagu. You want masks that can both filter the air we breathe in and limit how many respiratory secretions we shoot out. 
KN95 masks are thought to be pretty good alternatives to N95 masks in non-clinical settings. They might not be quite as rigorous as N95s — there’s really no beating them — but KN95 masks still offer a lot of protection for you and others when sealed around your nose and mouth. (Here’s a list of the KN95s that have received emergency use authorization.) 

Surgical masks are great for protecting you and others against large respiratory droplets, but due to their loose fit, they’re not foolproof at keeping out all of the smaller, aerosolized particles. (Tip: if your surgical mask is loose, try tying knots in the ear loops to keep it taut.)

Put your air-filtration mask on first, then cover it up with another one.
The mask with the greatest filtering capabilities should go on first, like the N95, KN95 or a well-fitted surgical mask. Make sure that mask is tightly sealed against your face. You don’t want gaps in the mask along the sides of your face where contaminated air can sneak in. 

_________________
Hаше от нас не уйдет. Tо, что ушло-было не наше.

suggests certain cloth masks might not be as protective as we once hoped, so it might be time to officially ditch the bandanas and neck gaiters and have your second layer be a multilayer cloth mask or another surgical mask. 
In general, the more layers your masks have, the better off you — and the people around you — will be. Studies have found that masks with multiple layers can block 50% to 70% of small droplets. When it comes to cloth masks, evidence suggests three layers of tightly woven fabric are the way to go.  
“The more layers you have covering your nose and mouth means less virus you’re able to disseminate into the population. And then the more layers you have between you and the environment, the fewer viral particles are going to get into your system,” said Duszynski, who recommends double-masking when going indoors where other people will be. 

Make sure you choose breathable fabrics with no valves, otherwise you’ll defeat the purpose.
Ogbuagu said you definitely want the masks, worn together, to be comfortable. Keep in mind: Certain materials can make it tough to breathe, and there is such a thing as over-masking, which can actually wind up doing more harm than good. 
“You can pack on 10 layers, but what you do is you lose breathability, they’re uncomfortable and you’ve overdone the filtering capacity that you want,” Ogbuagu said. Certain fabrics (like vinyl) also make it harder to breathe. And if you can’t breathe, you likely won’t wear it.
Duszynski also advised against masks with a valve or vent. Not only do these masks have an opening the virus can travel through, but the vent concentrates the amount of virus coming out, which can put others at risk. Even with a second mask on top, Duszynski said, steer clear of masks with vents or valves. 

When in doubt, go for masks that fit snugly against the side of your face and completely cover your nose and mouth. 
“The science is really clear on this,” Duszynski said. Double-masking is just another way you can not only guard yourself but help protect somebody else. 

https://apple.news/ASvopdespQumqMYpU9BuHTg

_________________
Hаше от нас не уйдет. Tо, что ушло-было не наше.

The Face Mask Mistakes People Make Without Realizing It

https://apple.news/AoF5Z94bpTE6Q1kyH4zLrVA

Do's And Don'ts Of Wearing A Face Mask At Restaurants During COVID-19

https://apple.news/AkqFQ_Mu3TjasF4ZpL0YIkQ

Fiction: Putting your mask out in the sun will kill the virus.
Yes, you may have seen this one floating around the internet. There isn’t much truth to it, said dermatologist Marie Hayag, because UVC rays ― the sanitizing ones ― are mostly blocked by the ozone layer and natural sunlight lacking UVC is not really effective in killing the virus.
“UVA and UVB may help a tiny bit, but it would take hours and hours and does not sanitize like UVC does,” she added. 


Face Mask Acne: How To Prevent And Treat 'Maskne'

https://apple.news/A5b74k2rDRVmH2Ew-bW_l2Q

_________________
Hаше от нас не уйдет. Tо, что ушло-было не наше.

Война дегенератов против прививок от коронавируса продолжается.
Вчeра около 50-ти протестующих на час прервали процесс вакцинации на стадионе "Доджерс" в Лос-Анджелесе, превращенном в один из самых больших центpов вакцинации в США.
Антивакcеры мешали проезду людей, которые приехали, чтобы привиться. Дебилоиды держали плакаты: "Спасите ваши души, поверните назад", "Снимите ваши маски", "CNN лжет вам", и называли приехавших на вакцинацию "лабораторными крысами"

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-55875263

_________________
Hаше от нас не уйдет. Tо, что ушло-было не наше.

Лучше три.

_________________
И вам того же.

Они серьезно?

_________________
All we need is love

В округе Палм-Бич во Флориде пришлось выкинуть 1,160 доз вакцины от коронавируса. Какой-то мерзавец перерезал провод холодильникa, в котором хрaнились вакцины ((
Эта новость напомнила мне историю фармацевта, тайно достававшего вакцины по ночам из холодильника, чтобы они испортились в тепле. Фармацевт считал, что вакцины изменяют ДНК пациентов.
Просто подпольная война против вакцин ...

Hесколько дней назад во Флориде уже было испорчено 3,344 доз вакцины, тоже из-за отключения холодильника, в тот раз, якобы, неумышленного.
Между тем, в округе Палм-Бич в очередь на вакцину записалось 136,000 пенсионеров.

https://www.palmbeachpost.com/story/news/2021/01/29/health-care-district-spoiled-1-160-doses-covid-10-vaccine/4317108001/?fbclid=IwAR2PtQ7tuJgK1eWDuXu5utrkz6rqMu9Pbpa96HbHevMUFFAETPKQC-Swf4M

_________________
Hаше от нас не уйдет. Tо, что ушло-было не наше.

На Госуслугах открылась запись на вакцинацию от COVID-19 для всех россиян



До этого момента, с 18 января, услуга работала в тестовом режиме, но она, тем не менее, выполняла свою функцию, и регионы отлаживали механизм взаимодействия с системой здравоохранения на местах, с порталом госуслуг", — рассказал он на совещании главы правительства Михаила Мишустина с его замами.

По словам Чернышенко, теперь для удобства пользователей на главной странице портала появился отдельный баннер, по которому можно сразу перейти в нужный раздел.
"В форме данные пользователя предзаполнены автоматически, поэтому практически ничего не нужно вводить, человеку остается только выбрать удобное время и медицинскую организацию, где ему удобно провести процедуру", — отметил вице-премьер.


https://ria.ru/20210201/vaktsinatsiya-1595476946.html

_________________
Россия без каждого из нас обойтись может. Но никто из нас не может
обойтись без России.
Иван С. Тургенев



"Радость -есть особая мудрость"
Письма Е. И. Рерих 1929 - 1939. Том 2. письмо от 7. 5. 38.

AstraZeneca и разработчики «Спутника V» намерены сотрудничать, и это логично.

Оба извлекут из сотрудничества большую пользу, пишет Handelsblatt.

Вакцина от AstraZeneca станет эффективнее, а «Спутник V» улучшит репутацию в Европе. Вместе они смогут занять важную нишу на рынке вакцин.


Handelsblatt (Германия): какую пользу AstraZeneca и Россия могут извлечь из сотрудничества



В борьбе за создание лучшей вакцины от коронавируса британско-шведская компания AstraZeneca может получить помощь из России. При этом компания прежде всего извлечет пользу в отношении эффективности препарата.

Пока вакцина AstraZeneca показала недостаточную действенность среди пожилых, в то время как эффективность вакцины из России составляет почти 100% во всех возрастных группах. Зато у AstraZeneca лучше имидж в Европе — от чего в свою очередь может выиграть Россия.


https://inosmi.ru/social/20210201/249035971.html


Первоисточник :


Biete Effizienz, brauche Image: Wie Astra-Zeneca und Russland von einer Kooperation profitieren könnten


https://app.handelsblatt.com/politik/international/corona-impfstoff-biete-effizienz-brauche-image-wie-astra-zeneca-und-russland-von-einer-kooperation-profitieren-koennten/26865492.html?ticket=ST-5095164-7VfyZrpVukqcKcOBIHUs-ap1

_________________
Россия без каждого из нас обойтись может. Но никто из нас не может
обойтись без России.
Иван С. Тургенев



"Радость -есть особая мудрость"
Письма Е. И. Рерих 1929 - 1939. Том 2. письмо от 7. 5. 38.